The IoT sensing layer collects real-time data from the physical world using sensors and actuators, enabling smart systems by converting environmental inputs into actionable digital signals.
The fog compute layer processes data locally near IoT devices, reducing latency and bandwidth use by handling tasks between the sensing layer and the cloud.
The IoT connectivity layer enables communication between devices, sensors, and systems through networks like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular, ensuring seamless data transmission across the IoT ecosystem.
The IoT data processing layer analyzes and transforms raw data from devices into actionable insights, enabling real-time decision-making and efficient system operations.
The IoT application layer provides user-facing services, integrating semantic knowledge to interpret data meaningfully, enabling intelligent monitoring, control, and decision-making.
